Intelligent Monitoring and Precision Management of Tea Gardens Based on Sun-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence (SIF)

日光誘導(dǎo)葉綠素?zé)晒猓⊿IF）作為一種新興技術(shù)，在茶葉的葉綠素含量、氮監(jiān)測(cè)和脅迫監(jiān)測(cè)等方面具有潛在的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。通過(guò)監(jiān)測(cè)這些關(guān)鍵指標(biāo)，可以更好地了解茶葉的生長(zhǎng)狀況、品質(zhì)和對(duì)環(huán)境脅迫的響應(yīng)，從而為茶葉的精準(zhǔn)管理提供支持。

Sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) is an emerging technology with potential applications in monitoring chlorophyll content, nitrogen status, and stress responses in tea plants. By tracking these key indicators, it is possible to gain deeper insights into the growth status, quality, and environmental adaptability of tea plants, thereby supporting precision management in tea production.

「茶葉葉綠素含量 / Chlorophyll Content in Tea Leaves」

日光誘導(dǎo)葉綠素?zé)晒饧夹g(shù)，可實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)葉綠素含量的快速無(wú)損監(jiān)測(cè)，這對(duì)茶樹(shù)生長(zhǎng)管理具有重要意義。

葉綠素是茶葉光合作用的關(guān)鍵色素，其含量直接影響光合效率，是其健康生長(zhǎng)的基礎(chǔ)，與并茶樹(shù)長(zhǎng)勢(shì)密切相關(guān)。

研究表明，適宜的遮陰處理可通過(guò)提高葉綠素含量改善茶葉品質(zhì)，而SIF技術(shù)能精準(zhǔn)量化這種品質(zhì)關(guān)聯(lián)——通過(guò)追蹤熒光信號(hào)變化，可確定適合的遮陰時(shí)長(zhǎng)與強(qiáng)度，確保葉綠素含量維持在利于氨基酸、可溶性糖積累的合理范圍。

SIF technology enables rapid, non-destructive monitoring of chlorophyll content, which is highly significant for the growth management of tea plants.

Chlorophyll is a key pigment in photosynthesis, and its content directly affects photosynthetic efficiency—fundamental to healthy growth—and is closely related to the vigor of tea plants.

Studies have shown that appropriate shading can improve tea quality by increasing chlorophyll content. SIF technology can accurately quantify this relationship: by tracking changes in fluorescence signals, the optimal shading duration and intensity can be determined to ensure chlorophyll levels remain within a range conducive to the accumulation of amino acids and soluble sugars.

不同種植條件影響茶葉的葉綠素含量，并影響其顏色、風(fēng)味和香氣。

Different planting conditions affect the chlorophyll content in tea leaves, thereby influencing their color, flavor, and aroma.

「氮監(jiān)測(cè) / Nitrogen Monitoring 」

氮是茶葉生長(zhǎng)必需的營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素，對(duì)葉綠素合成和光合作用至關(guān)重要。傳統(tǒng)的氮肥管理依賴于經(jīng)驗(yàn)和土壤測(cè)試，難以實(shí)現(xiàn)精準(zhǔn)施肥。SIF技術(shù)為茶葉的氮監(jiān)測(cè)提供了一種新的途徑。

研究表明，SIF信號(hào)與植物的氮營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀況密切相關(guān)。氮素充足時(shí)，植物光合作用旺盛，SIF信號(hào)較強(qiáng)；氮素不足時(shí)，光合作用受限，SIF信號(hào)減弱。SIF技術(shù)也有望于應(yīng)用在茶葉種植上，通過(guò)分析SIF信號(hào)，判斷茶葉的氮營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀況，從而指導(dǎo)施肥管理，提高茶葉產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)。

通過(guò)SIF信號(hào)反映的氮營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀況，能夠精準(zhǔn)調(diào)整氮肥用量，避免過(guò)量施肥造成的環(huán)境污染和資源浪費(fèi)；同時(shí)，基于氮素需求的精準(zhǔn)施肥可充分滿足茶樹(shù)生長(zhǎng)所需，有效促進(jìn)光合作用，進(jìn)而提高茶葉產(chǎn)量；此外，適宜的氮營(yíng)養(yǎng)還有助于提升葉綠素和氨基酸含量，顯著改善茶葉的整體品質(zhì)。

Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for tea growth, playing a critical role in chlorophyll synthesis and photosynthesis. Traditional nitrogen management relies on experience and soil testing, making precise fertilization challenging. SIF technology offers a new approach to nitrogen monitoring in tea  farming.

Research indicates that SIF signals are closely correlated with the nitrogen status of plants. Under sufficient nitrogen supply, photosynthesis is vigorous, and SIF signals are strong; under nitrogen deficiency, photosynthesis is inhibited, and SIF signals weaken. SIF technology shows promise for application in tea production—by analyzing SIF signals, the nitrogen status of tea plants can be assessed, guiding fertilization management to improve yield and quality.

Using SIF-reflected nitrogen status, fertilizer application can be precisely adjusted to avoid environmental pollution and resource waste caused by over-fertilization. Meanwhile, precision fertilization based on nitrogen demand fully supports tea plant growth, effectively enhances photosynthesis, and thereby increases yield. Furthermore, optimal nitrogen nutrition helps elevate chlorophyll and amino acid content, significantly improving overall tea quality.

「茶葉脅迫監(jiān)測(cè) / Stress Monitoring in Tea Plants 」

茶葉在生長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中會(huì)受到多種脅迫，如干旱、病蟲(chóng)害等。這些脅迫會(huì)影響茶葉的光合作用和生長(zhǎng)，降低產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)。SIF技術(shù)可以用于茶葉的脅迫監(jiān)測(cè)。

研究表明，SIF對(duì)植物的生理變化敏感，可用于檢測(cè)棉花黃萎病等病害。因此，SIF也有望應(yīng)用于茶葉病蟲(chóng)害的早期診斷。

水分脅迫也會(huì)影響茶葉的生長(zhǎng)。通過(guò)分析SIF對(duì)不同程度水分脅迫的響應(yīng)，可以實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)茶葉水分狀況的監(jiān)測(cè)。

Tea plants are subject to various stresses during growth, such as drought, pests, and diseases. These stressors can negatively impact photosynthesis and growth, reducing yield and quality. SIF technology can be applied to monitor stress in tea plants.

Studies demonstrate that SIF is sensitive to physiological changes in plants and can be used to detect diseases such as cotton Verticillium wilt. Therefore, SIF also holds potential for early diagnosis of pests and diseases in tea plants.

Water stress similarly affects tea plant growth. By analyzing the response of SIF to varying degrees of water stress, it is possible to monitor the water status of tea plants.

茶芽出現(xiàn)枯焦 / Tea buds appear scorched.

在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中，SIF監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)正變得越來(lái)越智能。

以愛(ài)博能開(kāi)發(fā)的日光誘導(dǎo)葉綠素?zé)晒?SIF)監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)為例，該系統(tǒng)內(nèi)置先進(jìn)算法，能夠直接輸出葉綠素?zé)晒猱a(chǎn)額和光合作用速率等關(guān)鍵參數(shù)，用戶無(wú)需再進(jìn)行復(fù)雜的數(shù)據(jù)分析處理。系統(tǒng)提供塔臺(tái)在線式長(zhǎng)期監(jiān)測(cè)與無(wú)人機(jī)載機(jī)動(dòng)巡測(cè)兩種型號(hào)，既可滿足茶園固定點(diǎn)的連續(xù)觀測(cè)需求，也能適應(yīng)大范圍、多茶區(qū)的快速評(píng)估場(chǎng)景，為不同規(guī)模的茶園提供定制化解決方案。

日光誘導(dǎo)葉綠素?zé)晒饧夹g(shù)為茶葉生產(chǎn)提供了實(shí)時(shí)、無(wú)損且高效的監(jiān)測(cè)新方式，覆蓋生長(zhǎng)、營(yíng)養(yǎng)與脅迫等多維度管理需求。隨著該技術(shù)不斷成熟與應(yīng)用深化，它將在推動(dòng)茶葉精準(zhǔn)種植、提升茶葉品質(zhì)與產(chǎn)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展方面發(fā)揮越來(lái)越重要的作用。

In practical applications, SIF monitoring systems are becoming increasingly intelligent.

For example, the SIF monitoring system developed by ExponentSci contains advanced algorithms that directly output key parameters such as chlorophyll fluorescence yield and photosynthetic rate, eliminating the need for users to perform complex data processing. The system offers two models: a tower-based online version for long-term monitoring and a drone-mounted mobile version for rapid large-scale assessments across multiple tea regions. This provides customized solutions for tea gardens of different scales.

SIF technology offers a real-time, non-destructive, and efficient monitoring method for tea production, addressing multidimensional management needs including growth, nutrition, and stress. As the technology continues to mature and find broader applications, it will play an increasingly important role in promoting precision tea  farming, improving tea quality, and supporting sustainable industry development.

案例來(lái)源 / Sources：

1. Ma, X., Liu, J., Li, H., Wang, W., Liu, L., Wang, P., Hu, J., Zhang, X., & Qu, F. (2024). Greenhouse covering **** promotes chlorophyll accumulation of tea plant (Camellia sinensis) by activating relevant gene expression and enzyme activity. BMC Plant Biology, 24(1).

2. XIANG, F., LI, W., LIU, H., ZHOU, L., & JIANG, C. (2018). Characteristics of Photosynthetic and Chlorophyll Fluorescence of Tea Varieties under Different Nitrogen Application Levels. In Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica.

3. Wang, C., Wang, Z., Chen, L., Liu, W., Wang, X., Cao, Z., Zhao, J., Zou, M., Li, H., Yuan, W., & Wang, B. (2025). Intelligent Identification of Tea Plant Seedlings Under High-Temperature Conditions via YOLOv11-MEIP Model Based on Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging. Plants, 14(13), 1965.